2016.3

In the article, based on a series of computations and models, it is shown that despite the progress achieved in the world during the last three to four decades in technologies, innovations, and international economic links, paradoxically, there occurred a substantial slowdown in global economic growth and total factor productivity and human development index dynamics – primarily in DCs, but in EMs as well. Although some part of this phenomenon is due to underestimation of quality in growth dynamics, “new normal” of retardation in growth is real. It stems from massive distortions in the global economy and its main constituents brought about by its excessive financialization, substantial increase in indebtedness, huge rise in levels of inequality of incomes and assets. Although it is clear that some reallocation of incomes from super-rich to less well-to-do, especially in EMs, that could be undertaken by means of heavier taxation of the former, can boost development of human capital, promote acceleration in world economic growth and convergence in the global economy, the political mechanism of this Keynesian world-wide reform is very hard to enact.

The article focuses on emotional and sensorial perception of Delhi by three foreigners (J. Matheson, G. Bulger, R. Minturn) who visited India in the second half of the XIXth century and authored informative travelogues.

The social status of the reaya of the Ottoman Empire in the sixteenth century is analyzed in this article. The author describes the relationship between the peasant and sipahi-landowners. Much attention is given to the consideration of categories of the peasantry, types of taxes that were paid in favour of sipahi and the state treasury, the mutual duties and rights of reaya and landowners.

This article discusses the Ancient Indian system of concepts about purification of the property defiled by the qualities of its previous owner. It analyzes the contexts of Ancient Indian didactic literature. The main conclusion is that Brahman can act as a purifier for the defiled property.

This article focuses on analyzing and comparison of phrase identification criteria in modern Russian and Chinese languages. Through a theoretical and terminological examination author concluded the research with the observation of three common criteria in Russian and Chinese Phraseology. This confirmed to a certain degree the universality of phrase identification in these two languages. However, some unique criteria from Chinese language do result in very different types of phrases in these two languages. It’s recommended that further researches on typology and Inner form of Russian and Chinese phrases can be based on the results of this article.

The article speaks about the numerous verbal forms in the Fula language (Atlantic family) and the best way to translate them into typologically different languages, such as Indo-European. The verbal forms discussed are predicates, participles and recently grammaticalized auxiliaries.

The article deals with the description of the types of noun and verb paradigms in the Arabic linguistic tradition. Logical principles of attributing a certain type of paradigm to a word are detected and exposed. The study is based on the Arab grammarian Ibn Ya’īš’s treatise “Šarḥ al-Mufaṣṣal” (XIII century).