The customs union is the form of international integration, which countries of various regions often tend to reach, while their leaders are believe in it’s effectiveness. The Turkish experience helps to evaluate the customs union’s capabilities and costs associated with a specific state of the national economy as well as it is reflecting some universal features of the transition to a deeper level of international economic cooperation.
Keywords:
International economic relations; economic integration; customs union; Turkey and the European Union
The article deals with the opinion of some Israeli scientists who believed that Napoleon had some plans connected with the Jews of Syro-Palestinian region. Basing on different sources the author comes to the conclusion that these plans existed only in the imagination of some contemporaries of these events. In that period the returning of the Jews to the Ottoman Syria, rebuilding of the Temple and the restoration of the Jewish state were impossible because of the political situation in the world.
A numerous code of studies dedicated to Egyptian and Syrian campaign of Napoleon Bonaparte (1798–1801) disregards the participation of Russia in struggle of the 2nd anti-French coalition for Egypt and Syria. At the same time, even though the tsarist government didn't wage any war in the Middle East, its role in the events that took place, was rather notable. The represented article is devoted to the analysis of the Middle Eastern policy of Russia during the reign of Paul the First and also tells about the plans of Ottoman authorities concerning possible involvement of its northern ally for defending Arab possessions from French aggression.
Keywords:
foreign policy of Paul I; Russia and the Middle East; Egyptian expedition of Napoleon Bonaparte; F. F. Ushakov; V. S. Tomara; Enrico Frankini
The article covers the advertising discourse peculiarities in East Africa. The research is based on various advertising texts in Swahili. The main focus is outdoor advertising. The advertising texts are analyzed as the objects of language play and manipulation.
Keywords:
advertising; advertising discourse; Swahili; language play; language manipulation
The article is devoted to the analyses of different types of lyric incorporations to narration in Persian classic Romance of XI–XIV centuries, to its genesis and functions both in form and content of narrative texts. Main attention is paid to the early period of development of genre (XI c.) when such poets as Unsuri, Ayyuqi and Gurgani composed first love stories in Persian poetry. The article shows how such coryphaeus of this genre Nizami used the literary experience of his predecessors in his famous romances Khsraw and Shirin and Layli and Majnun. The article contains analyses of three types of lyric incorporations in narrative text named “letters” (nama), “songs” (surud) and “love poems” (shi‘r or qhazal). The author retraced all changes in functioning of the three types of non-subject elements and showed how the border-line between them was gradually obliterated. In the end the author comes to the conclusion that lyric incorporations in Persian classic Romance act as one of the key markers of genre.
Keywords:
Persian Classic Epos; Medieval Romance; concept of Individual Love; transformation of epic subject into romance; lyric incorporations in narrative texts