This work examines the Islamic political movements in Algeria from its independence in 1962 to the end of the Civil War (1992–1999). The author argues that the examined period is divided into two parts: before and after the legalization of multiparty system in 1989. The author highlights the characteristics of existing organizations representing political Islam: structure, strategy for achieving their goals, and relationship with the state. Special attention is paid to the Islamic Salvation Front (FIS), as the first mass Islamic organization that had a deep impact on the future of religion in Algeria’s political life. The comparison of two stages is made as the conclusion: both common features and differences are presented.