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Hatra, Sasanids, and Arabs: Political History

Hatra, Sasanids, and Arabs: Political History

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Received: 11/21/2022

Accepted: 03/31/2023

Keywords: Sasanids; Arabs; Hatra; Ardashir I Pabagan

Available in the on-line version with: 20.06.2023

To cite this article

Dmitriy E. Mishin Hatra, Sasanids, and Arabs: Political History. // Lomonosov Oriental Studies Journal. 2023. Vol. 67. N 1,67 p.3-17 https://doi.org/10.55959/MSU0320-8095-13-67-1-1.

Creative Commons Attribiution - NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribiution - NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)
N 1, 2023
Dmitriy E. Mishin (Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences)

Abstract

In the 2nd and 3rd century A.D. the rulers of the city of Hatra (Northern Irak) bore the titles of kings of ʿrb, where ʿrb denoted lands between Euphrates and Tigris rather than Arabs. However, Arabs dwelt in those places too and preserved memories of tribes from the Ḳuḍāʿa confederation staying there. The course of Hatra’s history was largely determined by Emperor Septimius Severus (193–211)’ two failed attempts to capture it, in 198 and 199. Considering the Roman threat, the rulers of Hatra applied to Parthian Arsacids for protection. Parthian king Valgash (Vologeses) V (190/91–207) granted the ruler of Hatra his protection. The rulers of Hatra became vassals of the Arsacids and had to assist them, including by military force. Due to that, the ruler of Hatra fought in 225 on the Parthians’ side against the Sasanids, who, in their turn, attempted to capture the city, yet, with no success. After the Arsacids’ downfall, the rulers of Hatra became allies of Rome. Then the Sasanids undertook another campaign against Hatra and finally took it (240). Shapur, son of Ardashir I, the founder of the Sasanid empire, took part in that campaign. Since Shapur was then co-ruler of Ardashir, the capture of Hatra is often described in Oriental sources as an achievement of his reign.

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